All these homologous structures in the vertebrates are used for different purposes but have a similar structural organization. The forelimbs of the horse are used for running on the ground, and the forelimbs of whales which are called flippers are used for swimming. Forelimbs of bats are used for gliding in the air, and that of birds are used for flying. For instance, the forelimbs of bats, horse, birds, and whales have a similar structure and same origin, but they all serve different functions. In the vertebrates, some specific organs or structures have similar structural organization origin but have different functionality, are called homologous structures.
The wings of birds and the wings of insects are analogous structures which have emerged because of convergent evolution. The structure of birds’ wings is very similar to the forelimbs or hands of humans, but this structure of wings is very different from the structure of insects’ wings. wings in both organisms are used for flying, but they have a dissimilar origin. For example, the wings of the birds and that of the insects perform the same task, i.e. The analogous organs serve similar functions, but they have different origins and are entirely different in their organization. In different organisms, the same or similar structures are called analogous structures. To define comparative anatomy, we can say that it is comparative studies of the anatomy of different animal species to understand the course of evolution from their common ancestors by analyzing the undergone adaptive changes.Ĭomparative anatomy was used by early evolutionary scientists like Lamarck and Buffon for determining relationships between different species. During this shuffling of genes, it results in the development of a new trait and helping the animal to survive in the environment. Evolution occurs in organisms for helping them to survive in the environment. Evolution is a genetic change that occurs in a species of a particular area over a long time.
And to compare present organisms with prehistoric organisms, biologists and scientists use the fossil evidence left behind, to witness the occurred evolution. This study of comparative anatomy in biology is essential to understand the areas of variations that gave rise to some evolution. the body structure of two or more species is called comparative anatomy. The study of the similarities and the differences in anatomy, i.e.
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